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HTML Character Sets

In this article, we will discuss HTML charset. Web browsers must recognize the character set used by HTML pages in order to display them correctly.

ASCII to UTF-8

Character encoding formed with ASCII. Utilizing ASCII, you could use 128 characters on the internet: numbers (0-9), English letters (A-Z), and some special characters: ! $ + – ( ) @ < > in HTML charset.

The standard HTML character set or HTML charset for HTML 4 was ISO-8859-1. A total of 256 character codes were supported by this character set. UTF-8 was also supported in HTML 4. The original character set for Windows was ANSI (Windows-1252). There are 32 extra characters in ANSI compared to ISO-8859-1.

Almost all HTML charset / characters and symbols are covered by the UTF-8 character set, which is the HTML5 specification!

Table Of Content-

The HTML charset Attribute

When it comes to HTML charset, a web browser must be able to determine which character set is used in the HTML page.

There is a specification for this in the <meta> tag:

<meta charset=”UTF-8″>

Differences Between Character Sets

Below is a comparison of the HTML charset and the HTML character set:

Numb ASCII ANSI 8859 UTF-8 Overview
87 W W W W Latin capital letter W
88 X X X X Latin capital letter X
89 Y Y Y Y Latin capital letter Y
90 Z Z Z Z Latin capital letter Z
91 [ [ [ [ Left square bracket
92 Reverse solidus
93 ] ] ] ] Right square bracket
94 ^ ^ ^ ^ Circumflex accent
95 _ _ _ _ Low line
200 È È È Latin capital letter E with grave
32 A Blank Space
33 ! ! ! ! An exclamation mark
34 “ “ “ “ A quotation mark
35 # # # # A number symbol
36 $ $ $ $ Dollar symbol
37 % % % % Percent symbol
38 & & & & Ampersand
39 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Apostrophe
40 ( ( ( ( Left parenthesis
41 ) ) ) ) Right parenthesis
42 * * * * An Asterisk
43 + + + + A Plus symbol
44 , , , , A comma
45 – – – – Hyphen-minus
46 . . . . Full stop (End of line)
47 / / / / Solidus
48 0 0 0 0 Digit zero (Number 0)
49 1 1 1 1 Digit one (Number 1)
50 2 2 2 2 Digit two (Number 2)
51 3 3 3 3 Digit three (Number 3)
52 4 4 4 4 Digit four (Number 4)
53 5 5 5 5 Digit five (Number 5)
54 6 6 6 6 Ddigit six (Number 6)
55 7 7 7 7 Digit seven (Number 7)
56 8 8 8 8 Digit eight (Number 8)
57 9 9 9 9 Digit nine (Number 9)
58 : : : : A colon
59 ; ; ; ; A semicolon
60 < < < < less-than symbol
61 = = = = equals symbol
62 > > > > greater-than symbol
63 ? ? ? ? A question mark
64 @ @ @ @ A commercial at
65 A A A A Latin capital letter A
66 B B B B Latin capital letter B
67 C C C C Latin capital letter C
68 D D D D Latin capital letter D
79 O O O O Latin capital letter O
80 P P P P Latin capital letter P
81 Q Q Q Q Latin capital letter Q
82 R R R R Latin capital letter R
83 S S S S Latin capital letter S
84 T T T T Latin capital letter T
85 U U U U Latin capital letter U
86 V V V V Latin capital letter V
201 É É É Latin capital letter E with acute
202 Ê Ê Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203 Ë Ë Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204 Ì Ì Ì Latin capital letter I with grave
216 Ø Ø Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke
217 Ù Ù Ù Latin capital letter U with grave
218 Ú Ú Ú Latin capital letter U with acute
219 Û Û Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220 Ü Ü Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter Y with acute
222 Þ Þ Þ Latin capital letter Thorn
235 ë ë ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236 ì ì ì Latin small letter i with grave
237 í í í Latin small letter i with acute
238 î î î Latin small letter i with circumflex
69 E E E E Latin capital letter E
70 F F F F Latin capital letter F
71 G G G G Latin capital letter G
72 H H H H Latin capital letter H
73 I I I I Latin capital letter I
74 J J J J Latin capital letter J
75 K K K K Latin capital letter K
76 L L L L Latin capital letter L
77 M M M M Latin capital letter M
78 N N N N Latin capital letter N
239 ï ï ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240 ð ð ð Latin small letter eth
241 ñ ñ ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
242 ò ò ò Latin small letter o with grave
243 ó ó ó Latin small letter o with acute
244 ô ô ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
245 õ õ õ Latin small letter o with tilde
246 ö ö ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
223 ß ß ß Latin small letter sharp s
224 Ã Ã Ã Latin small letter a with grave
225 á á á Latin small letter a with acute
226 â â â Latin small letter a with circumflex
227 ã ã ã Latin small letter a with tilde
228 ä ä ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229 å å å Latin small letter a with ring above
230 æ æ æ Latin small letter ae
231 ç ç ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
232 è è è Latin small letter e with grave
233 é é é Latin small letter e with acute
234 ê ê ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
254 þ þ þ Latin small letter thorn
255 ÿ ÿ ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis
205 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter I with acute
206 ÃŽ ÃŽ ÃŽ Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter Eth
209 Ñ Ñ Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
210 Ã’ Ã’ Ã’ Latin capital letter O with grave
211 Ó Ó Ó Latin capital letter O with acute
212 Ô Ô Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
96 ` ` ` ` Grave accent
97 a a a a Latin small letter a
98 b b b b Latin small letter b
99 c c c c Latin small letter c
100 d d d d Latin small letter d
101 e e e e Latin small letter e
102 f f f f Latin small letter f
103 g g g g Latin small letter g
104 h h h h Latin small letter h
105 i i i i Latin small letter i
106 j j j j Latin small letter j
107 k k k k Latin small letter k
108 l l l l Latin small letter l
109 m m m m Latin small letter m
110 n n n n Latin small letter n
111 o o o o Latin small letter o
112 p p p p Latin small letter p
113 q q q q Latin small letter q
114 r r r r Latin small letter r
115 s s s s Latin small letter s
116 t t t t Latin small letter t
117 u u u u Latin small letter u
118 v v v v Latin small letter v
119 w w w w Latin small letter w
120 x x x x Latin small letter x
121 y y y y Latin small letter y
122 z z z z Latin small letter z
123 { { { { Left curly bracket
124 | | | | Vertical line
125 } } } } Right curly bracket
126 ~ ~ ~ ~ Tilde
127 DEL Delete
128 € Euro symbol
129 Â Â Â NOT USED
130 ‚ single low-9 quotation mark
131 Æ’ Latin small letter f with hook
132 „ double low-9 quotation mark
133 … horizontal ellipsis
134 †dagger
135 ‡ double dagger
136 ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent
137 ‰ per mille sign
138 Å Latin capital letter S with caron
139 ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140 Å’ Latin capital ligature OE
141 Â Â Â NOT USED
142 Ž Latin capital letter Z with caron
143 Â Â Â NOT USED
144 Â Â Â NOT USED
145 ‘ Left single quotation mark
146 ’ Right single quotation mark
147 “ Left double quotation mark
148 †Right double quotation mark
149 • Bullet
247 ÷ ÷ ÷ division sign
248 ø ø ø Latin small letter o with stroke
249 ù ù ù Latin small letter u with grave
250 ú ú ú Latin small letter u with acute
251 û û û Latin small letter with circumflex
252 ü ü ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253 ý ý ý Latin small letter y with acute
150 – en dash
151 — em dash
152 ˜ small tilde
153 â„¢ Trade mark sign
154 Å¡ Latin small letter s with caron
155 › Single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156 Å“ Latin small ligature oe
157 Â Â Â NOT USED
158 ž Latin small letter z with caron
159 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160 no-break space
161 ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark
162 ¢ ¢ ¢ cent sign
163 £ £ £ pound sign
164 ¤ ¤ ¤ currency sign
165 ¥ ¥ ¥ yen sign
166 ¦ ¦ ¦ broken bar
167 § § § section sign
168 ¨ ¨ ¨ diaeresis
169 © © © copyright sign
170 ª ª ª feminine ordinal indicator
171 « « « left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172 ¬ ¬ ¬ not sign
173 ­ ­ ­ soft hyphen
174 ® ® ® registered sign
175 ¯ ¯ ¯ macron
176 ° ° ° degree sign
177 ± ± ± plus-minus sign
178 ² ² ² superscript two
179 ³ ³ ³ superscript three
180 ´ ´ ´ acute accent
181 µ µ µ micro sign
182 ¶ ¶ ¶ pilcrow sign
183 · · · middle dot
184 ¸ ¸ ¸ cedilla
185 ¹ ¹ ¹ superscript one
186 º º º masculine ordinal indicator
187 » » » right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188 ¼ ¼ ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter
189 ½ ½ ½ vulgar fraction one half
190 ¾ ¾ ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters
191 ¿ ¿ ¿ inverted question mark
192 À À À Latin capital letter A with grave
193 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter A with acute
194 Â Â Â Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter A with tilde
196 Ä Ä Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197 Ã… Ã… Ã… Latin capital letter A with ring above
198 Æ Æ Æ Latin capital letter AE
199 Ç Ç Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
213 Õ Õ Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
214 Ö Ö Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215 × × × multiplication sign

ASCII characters:

When we talk about HTML charset, the values 128 to 255 are not used in ASCII. Control characters in ASCII range from 0 to 31 (and 127).

For letters, digits, and symbols, ASCII uses values from 32 to 126.

Character set ISO-8859-1:

128 to 159 are not operated in ISO-8859-1. From 0 to 127, ISO-8859-1 is identical to ASCII in HTML charset.

The values from 160 to 255 of ISO-8859-1 are identical to those of UTF-8 when it comes to HTML charset.

ANSI characters – Windows 1252:

If it comes to HTML charset, characters in the range of 128 to 159 are proprietary to ANSI. The values 0 through 127 of ANSI are identical to those of ASCII.

For values between 160 and 255, ANSI is identical to UTF-8 when it comes to HTML charset.

UTF-8 Character Set:

When we talk about HTML charset, a value between 128 and 159 is not used by UTF-8. More than ten thousand characters are supported in UTF-8, starting with the value 256.

For values 0 to 127, UTF-8 is identical to ASCII.

For values between 160 and 255, UTF-8 is identical to both ANSI and 8859-1 in HTML charset.

Benefits of HTML Character Sets

HTML character sets have numerous benefits that can improve the appearance, accessibility, and clarity of content in an HTML document. Here are some of the benefits of using HTML character sets:

  1. Language Support: Using the appropriate character set can ensure that content in different languages is displayed correctly. This is because different languages use different characters, and using the appropriate character set can help ensure that all characters in the language are displayed properly.
  1. Symbol Support: Different character sets include various symbols and special characters that can be used to enhance the visual appearance of content and make it more engaging and readable. Using the appropriate symbols can help convey meaning more effectively.
  1. Compatibility: Using a standardized character set, such as Unicode, ensures that content will be displayed consistently across different devices and operating systems. This is because all modern operating systems and web browsers are designed to be fully compatible with Unicode.
  1. Accessibility: Character sets can be used to improve the accessibility of content for individuals with visual impairments or other disabilities. Certain characters or symbols can provide additional cues or context to help understand the content, making it easier to read and comprehend.
  1. Clarity: Using the appropriate character set and symbols can improve the clarity and readability of content. This can make it easier for users to quickly scan and understand the information presented, leading to a better user experience.
  1. Consistency: Using a consistent character set throughout an HTML document ensures that all characters are displayed properly and helps maintain a consistent visual style and tone throughout the content. This can enhance the overall professionalism and quality of the content.
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